Kiwi fruit essence reduces radiation-induced lung injury by down-regulating TNF-α and PDGF-B in rats / 细胞与分子免疫学杂志

Objective To observe the role of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGF-B) in kiwi fruit essence-mediated protection of radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) in rats. Methods 96 male healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into normal control group, model group, and kiwi fruit essence treatment group(60 and 240 mg/kg) by the random number table method, with 24 animals in each group. The whole lungs underwent 6 MV X-ray irradiation (18 Gy) to induce RILI animal models in rats of the latter three groups. On the next day after irradiation, rats in the latter two groups were intragastrically administrated with 60 or 240 mg/kg kiwi fruit essence, once a day. The rats in the normal control and model groups were treated with 9 g/L sodium chloride solution. Eight rats in the latter three groups were randomly sacrificed on days 14, 28, and 56, while normal control rats were sacrificed on day 56 as the overall control. Blood samples were collected and separated. Serum concentrations of TNF-α and PDGF-B were detected using ELISA. The lung tissues were isolated for HE and Masson staining to evaluate alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis (PF). The hydroxyproline (HYP) content in lung tissues was detected. The mRNA and protein expression of pulmonary TNF-α and PDGF-B were determined by quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Results Compared with the model group, treatment with 60 and 240 mg/kg kiwi fruit essence group significantly reduced alveolitis on days 14 and 28 as well as PF lesions on days 28 and 56. Compared with the normal control group, HYP content in the lung tissue of the model group increased on day 28 and day 56, while TNF-α and PDGF-B levels in the serum and lung tissues increased at each time point. Compared with the model group during the same period, 60 and 240 mg/kg kiwi fruit essence element treatment group reported the diminished levels of serum and pulmonary TNF-α on day 14 and day 28. Consistently, the lung tissue HYP content and serum and pulmonary PDGF-B levels on day 28 and day 56 were reduced. In addition, the above indicators in the 240 mg/kg kiwi fruit essence treatment group were lower than those for the 60 mg/kg kiwi fruit essence treatment group. Conclusion Kiwi fruit essence can alleviate RILI in rats, which is related to the down-regulation of TNF-α expression at the early stage and decreased PDGF-B level at the middle and late stages.

Research progress on macrophage in radiation induced lung injury / 浙江大学学报·医学版

Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI), including acute radiation pneumonitis and chronic radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF), is a side effect of radiotherapy for lung cancer and esophageal cancer. Pulmonary macrophages, as a kind of natural immune cells maintaining lung homeostasis, play a key role in the whole pathological process of RILI. In the early stage of RILI, classically activated M1 macrophages secrete proinflammatory cytokines to induce inflammation and produce massive reactive oxygen species (ROS) through ROS-induced cascade to further impair lung tissue. In the later stage of RILI, alternatively activated M2 macrophages secrete profibrotic cytokines to promote the development of RIPF. The roles of macrophage in the pathogenesis of RILI and the related potential clinical applications are summarized in this review.

[Effect of cell phones microwaves on histologic structures of some visceral organs in rat]

Background and Objective: The electromagnetic field producer sets in daily life causes concerns about the adverse effects of such waves on human health. This study was done to evaluate the effect of cell phones microwaves on histologic structures of some visceral organs in rat

Methods: In this experimental study, 80 immature Wistar male rats with weight of 100-140 gram and 5 to 6 weeks age were randomly allocated into 3 experimental groups and one control group. The experimental rats were exposed to cell phones microwaves 5 hours a day for 1, 2 and 3 months. The control group received no radiation. After the experimental period rats were sacrificed and the appropriate tissues of the lung, heart, liver, brain and pancreas were prepared. Sections in 5 micro m thicknesses were stained by hematoxylin and eosin and studied microscopically

Results: Histological changes including edema, inflammatory cell infiltration and cell degeneration in the lung and mild degeneration and coagulation necrosis of the myocardial cells in the heart were observed. Histopthological examination of the liver revealed dilation of central veins and sinusoids, vacuolization of hepatocytes and mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration. Limited changes were observed in pancreas and brain. Histological changes were increased in the groups that were exposed longer period of time to radiation

Conclusion: This study indicated that the harmful effect of cell phones radiation on rat tissues depending on the duration of exposure

Therapeutic effects of olive leaf extract or bone marrow Mesenchymal stem cells against lung damage induced in male albino rats exposed to gamma radiation

Aim of the work- This study aimed to investigate the histological and histochemical changes in the lung tissue of male albino rats post exposure to gamma radiation and the possible therapeutic effect of both olive leaf extract and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

Matrerial and methods-The current study was carried out on 40 adult male albino rats [Sprague dawely strain]; they were divided equally into 5 groups [C group: control rats; O group: rats treated with olive leaves extract[15 mg /kg body weight/daily] ; R group: rats exposed to a single dose of gamma-radiation[3 Gy]; RO group: rats of this group treated with olive extract 15 mg /kg body weight/daily one week before and one week after irradiation; RS group: rats of this group irradiated with 3Gy then treated with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells [BMSCs] 3×10[6] cells/ml suspension through caudal vein about 5h post radiation exposure. Histopathological and histochemical changes were studied

Results: Rats exposed to gamma radiation showed numerous histological and histochemical changes, these changes were ameliorated by using either olive leaf extract or bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. BMSCs showed more obvious therapeutic effect than olive leaf extract

Conclusion: The present work showed that olive leaf extract or bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells [BMSCs] have lung tissue radiotherapeutic effects against whole body gamma radiation in male albino rats

Protective effect of vitamin D on radiation-induced lung injury: experimental evidence

Vitamin D, especially its most active metabolite 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3[Vit D] is essential in regulating a wide variety of biologic processes, such as regulating mesangial cell activation. The objective of this study was to assess the histopathological changes of effectiveness of Vit D as a protective agent against radiation induced lung injury. Eighteen Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control group [group 1:4 rats], irradiation alone group [group 2:7 rats] and irradiation+vit D [group 3:7 rats]. Rats in group 2 and 3 were exposed to 20 Gy radiations to the right lung in a Co[60] radiotherapy machine under general anesthesia. Additionally, rats in group 3 received Vit D at a single dose of 0.2 mcg injected IM 2 hours before exposure to irradiation. Rats were sacrificed and lungs were dissected fifty days after post-irradiation. Myofibroblasts and vitamin D3 receptors [VDR] in extracted lungs were stained by immunohistochemistry using alpha-smooth muscle actin [SMA] and VDR antibodies. Blinded histological evaluation was performed to assess lung injury. Lung injury was assessed by the acute lung injury score and myofibroblastic differentiation score. Acute lung injury scores and myofibroblastic differentiation scores were significantly lower in the radiation+vit D group compared to irradiation alone group [p=0.001 and p=0.001, respectively]. This study indicates that administration of vit D plays a protective role against acute lung injury through blocking myofibroblastic differentiation

Effect of ozone oxidative preconditioning in preventing early radiation-induced lung injury in rats

Ionizing radiation causes its biological effects mainly through oxidative damage induced by reactive oxygen species. Previous studies showed that ozone oxidative preconditioning attenuated pathophysiological events mediated by reactive oxygen species. As inhalation of ozone induces lung injury, the aim of this study was to examine whether ozone oxidative preconditioning potentiates or attenuates the effects of irradiation on the lung. Rats were subjected to total body irradiation, with or without treatment with ozone oxidative preconditioning (0.72 mg/kg). Serum proinflammatory cytokine levels, oxidative damage markers, and histopathological analysis were compared at 6 and 72 h after total body irradiation. Irradiation significantly increased lung malondialdehyde levels as an end-product of lipoperoxidation. Irradiation also significantly decreased lung superoxide dismutase activity, which is an indicator of the generation of oxidative stress and an early protective response to oxidative damage. Ozone oxidative preconditioning plus irradiation significantly decreased malondialdehyde levels and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase, which might indicate protection of the lung from radiation-induced lung injury. Serum tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1 beta levels, which increased significantly following total body irradiation, were decreased with ozone oxidative preconditioning. Moreover, ozone oxidative preconditioning was able to ameliorate radiation-induced lung injury assessed by histopathological evaluation. In conclusion, ozone oxidative preconditioning, repeated low-dose intraperitoneal administration of ozone, did not exacerbate radiation-induced lung injury, and, on the contrary, it provided protection against radiation-induced lung damage.

Efeito da radioterapia na função pulmonar e na fadiga de mulheres em tratamento para o câncer de mama / Effect of radiotherapy on pulmonary function and fatigue of women undergoing treatment for breast cancer / Efecto de la radioterapia en la función pulmonar y en la fatiga de mujeres en tratamiento para el cáncer de mama

O presente estudo comparou a função pulmonar e a fadiga de mulheres antes e após a radioterapia (RT) adjuvante para tratamento do câncer de mama, e correlacionou a função pulmonar com a dose de radiação e fadiga. Foi conduzido um estudo observacional longitudinal envolvendo 20 mulheres. A função pulmonar foi avaliada pela espirometria (ClementClarke®) e manovacuometria (GlobalMed®, modelo MVD 300), e a fadiga pelo Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Fatigue (FACT-F). Todas as avaliações foram realizadas antes da primeira sessão e uma semana após o término da RT adjuvante. Para a análise estatística foram utilizados os testes Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test e correlação de Spearman, adotando-se nível de significância p<0,05. Na espirometria, encontrou-se redução significativa da capacidade vital forçada (23,52%), do volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo (26,23%) e do pico de fluxo expiratório (10,12%) (p=0,001). As pressões expiratórias e inspiratórias máximas também diminuíram significativamente (25,45 e 32,92%, respectivamente). Observou-se diminuição significativa do bem-estar físico e do bem-estar funcional, e um aumento significativo da fadiga no FACT-F (p=0,001). Não foram observadas correlações entre as variáveis da função pulmonar com a dose de radiação e fadiga. Em curto prazo, a RT promoveu redução na função pulmonar, mas a mesma permaneceu próxima à normalidade para a amostra estudada. Observou-se aumento significativo da fadiga e diminuição dos escores dos domínios bem-estar físico e funcional.

This study compared the pulmonary function and fatigue in patients before and after adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) and correlated the pulmonary function with the radiotherapy dose and fatigue. A longitudinal and observational study was conducted involving 20 women. Pulmonary function was evaluated by digital lung spirometry (ClementClarke®) and manometry (GlobalMed®, model MVD 300) and fatigue was analyses by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Fatigue (FACT-F). All evaluations were conducted before the first RT session and up to one week after this treatment. Statistical analyses were conducted by the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and Spearman, considering p<0.05. There was significant reduction at spirometry parameters: forced vital capacity (23.52%), forced expiratory volume in the first second (26.23%), peak expiratory flow (10.12%) (p=0.001). Maximal expiratory pressure (25.45%) and maximal inspiratory pressure (32.92%) also showed significant reduction at manometry. There was a significant reduction on physical well-being and functional well-being and a significant increase in fatigue evaluated by the FACT-F (p=0.001). There was no correlation between pulmonary function, radiation dose and fatigue. Short-term effects of radiotherapy showed reduction of pulmonary function, but the values were considered similar to normal. There was a significant increase in fatigue, and significant decrease of physical well-being and functional well-being.

El presente estudio comparó la función pulmonar y la fatiga de mujeres antes y después de la radioterapia (RT) como ayudante para el tratamiento del cáncer de mama, y se correlacionó la función pulmonar con la dosis de radiación y fatiga. Fue realizado un estudio observacional longitudinal involucrando 20 mujeres. La función pulmonar fue evaluada por espirometría (ClementClarke®) y manovacuometría (GlobalMed®, modelo MVD 300) y, la fatiga fue evaluada por la Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Fatigue (FACT-F). Todas las evaluaciones fueron realizadas antes de la primera sesión y una semana después del término de la RT. Para el análisis estadístico fueron utilizados los tests Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test y correlación de Spearman, adoptando un nivel de significancia p<0,05. En la espirometría, se encontró reducción significativa de la capacidad vital forzada (23,52%), del volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo (26,23%) y del peak de flujo espiratorio (10,12%) (p=0,001). Las presiones espiratorias e inspiratorias máximas también disminuyeron significativamente (25,45 y 32,92%, respectivamente). Se observó disminución significativa del bienestar físico y del bienestar funcional, y un aumento significativo de la fatiga en el FACT-F (p=0,001). No fueron observadas correlaciones entre las variables de la función pulmonar con la dosis de radiación y fatiga. En corto plazo, la RT promueve la reducción de la función pulmonar, pero los valores son considerados similares a los normales. Se observó aumento significativo de la fatiga y disminución de los puntajes en los dominios de bienestar físico y funcional.

Analysis of the physical activity effects and measurement of pro-inflammatory cytokines in irradiated lungs in rats / Análise dos efeitos da atividade física e mensuração de citocinas pró-inflamatórias em pulmões irradiados em ratos

PURPOSE: To study if the pre-radiotherapy physical activity has radio-protective elements, by measuring the radio-induced activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines as interleukin-6 (il-6), transforming growth factor -β (tgf -β), tumor necrosis factor -α (tnf-α) and protein beta kinase β (ikkβ), through western blotting analysis. METHODS: A randomized study with 28 Wistar hannover rats, males, with a mean age of 90 days and weighing about 200 grams. The animals were divided into three groups: (GI, GII and GIII). GIII group were submitted to swimming for eight weeks (zero load, three times a week, about 30 minutes). Then, the groups (except the control group) were submitted to irradiation by cobalt therapy, single dose of 3.5 gray in the whole body. All animals were sacrificed by overdose of pentobarbital, according to the time for analysis of cytokines, and then a fragment of the lower lobe of the right lung went to western blotting analysis. RESULTS: The cytokines IKK β, TNF-α and IL-6 induced by radiation in the lung were lower in the exercised animals. However, exercise did not alter the radiation-induced increase in tgf-β. CONCLUSION: The results show a lower response in relation to inflammatory cytokines in the group that practiced the exercise pre-radiotherapy, showing that exercise can protect tissues from tissue damage due to irradiation.

OBJETIVO: Verificar se a radioterapia pré-atividade física tem elementos de rádio-proteção, medindo-se a ativação de citocinas pró-inflamatórias como a interleucina-6 (IL-6), fator transformador de crescimento - β (TGF - β), fator de necrose tumoral - α (TNF-α) e quinase de proteína beta β (IKK β), por meio da análise blotting ocidental. MÉTODOS: Um estudo randomizado empregando 28 ratos Wistar Hannover, machos, com idade média de 90 dias e pesando cerca de 200 gramas. Os animais foram divididos em três grupos: (GI, GII e GIII). Os animais do grupo GIII foram submetidos à natação durante oito semanas (carga zero, três vezes por semana, cerca de 30 minutos). Então, os grupos (exceto o grupo controle) foram submetidos à irradiação por cobalto terapia, dose única de 3,5 cinza em todo o corpo. Todos os animais foram sacrificados por overdose de pentobarbital, de acordo com o tempo de análise de citocinas, em seguida, um fragmento do lobo inferior do pulmão direito foi a análise de mata-borrão ocidental. RESULTADOS: As citocinas IKK β, TNF-α e IL-6 induzidas por radiação no pulmão foram menores nos animais que se exercitaram. No entanto, o exercício não alterou o aumento induzido pela radiação na TGF-β. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados mostraram uma menor resposta em relação às citocinas inflamatórias no grupo que praticou o exercício físico pré-radioterapia, evidenciando que o exercício pode proteger os tecidos das lesões teciduais decorrentes da irradiação.

Comparison of effects of two radiotherapy techniques, two tangential/single anterior supra-clavicular field and two tangential/two anterior and posterior opposed supra-clavicular fields on lung volumes and peripheral oxygen saturation

Chest wall irradiation for early breast cancer affects forced vital capacity [FVC], forced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration [FEV1] and may change peripheral oxygen saturation [SpO2]. In our institute chest wall is irradiated with a four field technique: two tangential and two oppositional anterior and posterior supraclavicular fields. Regional recurrence in this technique is less than 5 percent. We conducted this study to compare changes in FEV1, FVC and SpO2 between standard three field and four fields technique. We randomized 51 stage I and II breast cancer cases after modified radical mastectomy and completion of chemotherapy in two groups. In group I patients were treated with four field and in group II with three field technique using cobalt 60 teletherapy. Patients with a history of smoking, pulmonary disease, heart disease and any deformities in chest wall were excluded. Patients were stratified due to central long distance [CLD], fields separation in tangential fields and filed borders defined in standard manner. Radiotherapy dose was 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions. Spirometry and pulse oxymetry was done before, one month after and three months after the completion of radiotherapy. FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC showed no significant difference between two groups one month and three months after radiotherapy. Also there was no significant difference in FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC one month after radiotherapy comparing with pre-radiotherapy values. There were significant differences in FEV1 and FVC reduction three months after radiotherapy in comparison with pre-radiotherapy values [P<0.001, P<0.006 respectively] SpO2 showed no significant difference between two groups and also in each group after one and three months. Locoregional radiotherapy of chest wall and supraclavicular lymph nodes causes reduction in FEV1 and FVC three months after radiotherapy but there is no significant difference between three field and four fields techniques. We suggest this study be completed by using pulmonary function tests including spirometry and diffusion capacities

effect of the number of computed tomographic slices on the irradiated lung volume estimated during tangential breast irradiation in thref-dimensional technique

The aim of this work is to study the effect of the number of computed tomography [CT] slices or the inter-slice distance on the ability of treatment planning software [TPS] to reconstructs and determines three-dimensional [3D] accurate volumes from these slices. Also to study the effect of the determined volume on the prediction of the dose volume histogram [DVH] by the dose delivered to the region of interest [ROI]. This study was performed on the head phantom manufactured from wax contains on some materials have predetermined volumes. Also this study applied on twenty patients with breast cancer in the Clinical Oncology Hospital Menofiya University in the period from 15/2/2004 to 18/9/2004. These patients underwent of study the change in the irradiated volume of the lung with changing the number of CT-cuts. Patients were divided to: 10 patients with right breast cancer and 10 with left beast cancer. The phantom underwent a planning CT scan several times with slice thickness 2-mm and the inter-slice distances [ISDs] 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mm. All patients underwent a planning CT scan with slice thickness of 1-cm. After that patients were contoured and planned on the 3D advanced radiation therapy planning system [ARTS 3D]. Patients were planned using two tangential fields technique by 6 MV x-ray. Each patient was planned several times, where in each time; the desired number of CT-cuts selected and remains slices leave. With each selected number of CT-slices, the dose recalculated for the same treatment technique. The irradiated lung volume [ILV] and the delivered dose were determined directly using dose-volume histogram [DVH] of the lung for each plan of the patient. From studying the phantom, as the number of CT-slices increased [or the ISD decreased], the determined volume changes. For the regular shaping materials, egg and tennis table ball, as the number of CT-slices increased, the determined volume close to the actual volume. For the irregular shapes, the determined volumes are dependent on the number of CT slices. The IL V changes with changing the number of CT-cuts. The reason is that as the CT-slices increased the surface of the reconstructed volume is smoother. From the definition of DVH, which is a curve that relates the percentage of the area or volume that receives a certain dose of radiation, the received dose depends on the ROI volume The curve that relates the percentage of the lung volume received a certain dose changes with changing the number of CT-slice. When comparing the ILV from the tangential fields with c4fferent numbers of CT slices, the actual dose delivery is achieved from the full CT scan. The irradiated lung volume in the tangential fields of breast cancer is a function of the CT slices numbers or the ISDs. The dose delivered is a function of ILV

Avaliação da influência da idade e do volume do espaçador na deposição pulmonar de aerossóis / Evaluation of the influence of patient age and spacer device volume on aerosol lung deposition

OBJETIVO: Avaliar, através de estudo da deposição pulmonar de 99m tecnécio-fitato, a eficácia de três espaçadores freqüentemente utilizados na prática clínica e comparar esta deposição de acordo com diferentes faixas etárias. MÉTODOS: Nove pacientes voluntários sadios, sem história de doença pulmonar, foram estudados, sendo três adultos e seis crianças de diferentes faixas etárias. Através de verificação qualitativa e semiquantitativa da deposição de 99m tecnécio-fitato em vias aéreas, procedeu-se a análise comparativa entre dois espaçadores de pequeno volume (Aerochamber® e Inal-Air®) e um espaçador de grande volume (Flumax®). Cada paciente recebeu inalação de 99m tecnécio-fitato. O espaçador foi preenchido, durante 30 segundos, por radioaerossóis impulsionados por fluxo de oxigênio. Por 10 segundos, os pacientes procederam à inalação com máscara acoplada ao espaçador. Por 4 minutos, realizou-se contagem de radiação emitida nas faces anterior e posterior do tórax. Realizou-se, ainda, contagem de radiação presente no interior de cada espaçador. RESULTADOS: Na avaliação semiquantitativa da deposição pulmonar, verificou-se que, em todas as faixas etárias, houve uma menor deposição percentual quando se utilizou o espaçador de grande volume (Flumax®), sendo esta diferença relativa inversamente proporcional à faixa etária. Em outras palavras, quanto menor a criança, menor a deposição de aerossol radioativo ao se utilizar espaçadores de grande volume. Por outro lado, não se verificou diferença significativa entre os espaçadores de pequeno volume (Inal-Air® e Aerochamber®) nas faixas etárias estudadas. CONCLUSAO: Os dados obtidos indicam que espaçadores de pequeno volume são os mais indicados para utilização na faixa pediátrica, devendo-se restringir o uso de espaçadores de grande volume a adolescentes e adultos.

Extensive acute lung injury following limited thoracic irradiation: radiologic findings in three patients

The aim of our study was to describe the radiologic findings of extensive acute lung injury associated with limited thoracic irradiation. Limited thoracic irradiation occasionally results in acute lung injury. In this condition, chest radiograph shows diffuse ground-glass appearance in both lungs and thin-section CT scans show diffuse bilateral ground-glass attenuation with traction bronchiectasis, interlobular septal thickening and intralobular smooth linear opacities.

Avaliaçäo pela tomografia computadorizada das alteraçöes pulmonares pós-radioterapia / Computed tomography evaluation of pulmonary alterations after radiotherapy

Foram analisados, retrospectivamente, 15 pacientes com neoplasia primária, sendo 13 de pulmäo e dois de mama, que se submeteram a tratamento radioterápico no Hospital Santa Cruz/Beneficência Portuguesa de Niterói, RJ, no período de fevereiro de 1991 a outubro de 1996. Os efeitos da radioterapia pulmonar apresentaram-se na tomografia computadorizada em duas fases clínicas evolutivas - aguda (pneumonite actínica) e crônica (fibrose actínica) - e dependeram da dosagem, da área corporal irradiada, da suscetibilidade individual e do uso prévio de quimioterapia. Foram evidenciados sinais de fibrose pulmonar em 73,3 por cento dos pacientes, de pneumonite em 20,0 por cento e näo foram constatadas alteraçöes após irradiaçäo em 6,6 por cento. A tomografia computadorizada foi um excelente método diagnóstico näo-invasivo utilizado no estudo das alteraçöes pulmonares pós-radioterapia, sendo estas melhor avaliadas pela técnica de alta resoluçäo

Braquiterapia endobrônquica de alta taxa de dose: técnica de tratamento / High dose rate endobronchial brachytherapy: treatment technique

A braquiterapia endobrônquica de alta taxa de dose é um tratamento paliativo eficiente para neoplasias endobrônquicas obstrutivas. Entretanto, seu papel na melhora da sobrevida dos pacientes com tumores de pulmäo ainda näo está comprovado. Sua utilizaçäo tem sido crescente, principalmente no nosso meio. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar a técnica de tratamento utilizada pelo Serviço de Radioterapia do HC-FMUSP, com base na experiência de 60 casos tratados, num total de 180 procedimentos. Algumas sugestöes práticas e normas adotadas no Serviço säo descritas. O índice de complicaçäes severas é de 6,7 por cento, demonstrando uma adequada seleçäo de pacientes associada à técnica utilizada

Sistema para el monitoreo de pacientes y la sincronización de lasa imágenes de um tomógrafo de RMI de 0.1 T / System for patients monitoring and syncronization of tomographic images of NMR of 0.1 T

El sistema para el monitoreo continuo de pacientes usado en el tomógrafo cubano de RMI Giroimag - 02 es presentado. Se detallan los métodos de obtención y procesamiento de las bioseñales así como el modo en que se establecen los sincronismos y el formato de visualización de las ondas

Abstract A Continuous monitrning system for cuban NMR Scanner Giroimag 02 is presenteei. Biosignal processing is explained and thc methods uscd for data adquisition is presenteei. Also. syncronism anel the fonnat of wave displaying are shown

Effect of radiation on pulmonary functions in patients with breast cancer.

There is no systematic study available from our country regarding pulmonary function tests in patients of breast cancer who receive postoperative radiotherapy. Therefore, we planned a prospective study to find out the effect of radiation on pulmonary functions in patients with breast cancer; who had undergone surgery in the form of simple mastectomy and axillary clearance. Transient radiological changes were seen in two cases and one patient had fibrosis at 9 months.

Experimental toxoplasmosis: effect of radiation on lungs

The effect of gamma irradiation [137[C] aesium] as regards the effect on rat lung was studied. The results obtained indicate that association of toxoplasmosis and irradiation aggravate the pathological changes recorded in the lung especially with high doses of irradiation

Pneumonite actínica no câncer de mama / Actinic pneumonitis in breast neoplasms

Foram revistos os prontuários e as radiografias de tórax de 49 pacientes portadores de câncer de mama, atendidos entre 1980 e 1985 e que foram submetidos à radioterapia. Em 22 (44,9%) dos pacientes estudados foi detectado quadro radiológico de pneumonite actínica, porém apenas dois (9%) apresentaram sintomatologia respiratória leve ou moderada. Apesar de relativamente freqüente, a baixa repercussäo clínica do quadro radiológico da pneumonite por radiaçäo nos permite continuar com a indicaçäo desta terapêutica, mantendo a técnica atualmente utilizada. Os dados referentes à radioterapia säo importantes também para o diagnóstico diferencial com outras patologias que apresentam imagem radiológica semelhante